diff --git a/libtcc.c b/libtcc.c
index 4745018..f51774f 100644
--- a/libtcc.c
+++ b/libtcc.c
@@ -841,7 +841,6 @@ ST_FUNC void tcc_open_bf(TCCState *s1, const char *filename, int initlen)
     normalize_slashes(bf->filename);
 #endif
     bf->line_num = 1;
-    bf->inc_path_index = -2;
     bf->ifdef_stack_ptr = s1->ifdef_stack_ptr;
     bf->fd = -1;
     bf->prev = file;
@@ -1509,96 +1508,6 @@ LIBTCCAPI int tcc_add_symbol(TCCState *s, const char *name, const void *val)
     return 0;
 }
 
-
-/* Windows stat* ( https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/14h5k7ff.aspx ):
- * - st_gid, st_ino, st_uid: only valid on "unix" file systems (not FAT, NTFS, etc)
- * - st_atime, st_ctime: not valid on FAT, valid on NTFS.
- * - Other fields should be reasonably compatible (and S_ISDIR should work).
- *
- * BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION ( https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa363788%28v=vs.85%29.aspx ):
- * - File index (combined nFileIndexHigh and nFileIndexLow) _may_ change when the file is opened.
- *   - But on NTFS: it's guaranteed to be the same value until the file is deleted.
- * - On windows server 2012 there's a 128b file id, and the 64b one via
- *   nFileIndex* is not guaranteed to be unique.
- *
- * - MS Docs suggest to that volume number with the file index could be used to
- *   check if two handles refer to the same file.
- */
-#ifndef _WIN32
-typedef struct stat                file_info_t;
-#else
-typedef BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION file_info_t;
-#endif
-
-int get_file_info(const char *fname, file_info_t *out_info)
-{
-#ifndef _WIN32
-    return stat(fname, out_info);
-#else
-    int rv = 1;
-    HANDLE h = CreateFile(fname, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
-                          FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
-
-    if (h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        rv = !GetFileInformationByHandle(h, out_info);
-        CloseHandle(h);
-    }
-    return rv;
-#endif
-}
-
-int is_dir(file_info_t *info)
-{
-#ifndef _WIN32
-    return S_ISDIR(info->st_mode);
-#else
-    return (info->dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) ==
-           FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
-#endif
-}
-
-int is_same_file(const file_info_t *fi1, const file_info_t *fi2)
-{
-#ifndef _WIN32
-    return fi1->st_dev == fi2->st_dev &&
-           fi1->st_ino == fi2->st_ino;
-#else
-    return fi1->dwVolumeSerialNumber == fi2->dwVolumeSerialNumber &&
-           fi1->nFileIndexHigh       == fi2->nFileIndexHigh &&
-           fi1->nFileIndexLow        == fi2->nFileIndexLow;
-#endif
-}
-
-static void
-tcc_normalize_inc_dirs_aux(file_info_t *stats, size_t *pnum, char **path)
-{
-    size_t i, num = *pnum;
-    if (get_file_info(*path, &stats[num]) || !is_dir(&stats[num]))
-        goto remove;
-    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
-        if (is_same_file(&stats[i], &stats[num]))
-            goto remove;
-    *pnum = num + 1;
-    return;
- remove:
-    tcc_free(*path);
-    *path = 0;
-}
-
-/* Remove non-existent and duplicate directories from include paths. */
-ST_FUNC void tcc_normalize_inc_dirs(TCCState *s)
-{
-    file_info_t *stats =
-        tcc_malloc(((size_t)s->nb_sysinclude_paths + s->nb_include_paths) *
-                   sizeof(*stats));
-    size_t i, num = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < s->nb_sysinclude_paths; i++)
-        tcc_normalize_inc_dirs_aux(stats, &num, &s->sysinclude_paths[i]);
-    for (i = 0; i < s->nb_include_paths; i++)
-        tcc_normalize_inc_dirs_aux(stats, &num, &s->include_paths[i]);
-    tcc_free(stats);
-}
-
 LIBTCCAPI int tcc_set_output_type(TCCState *s, int output_type)
 {
     s->output_type = output_type;
@@ -1664,7 +1573,6 @@ LIBTCCAPI int tcc_set_output_type(TCCState *s, int output_type)
     }
 #endif
 
-    tcc_normalize_inc_dirs(s);
     if (s->output_type == TCC_OUTPUT_PREPROCESS)
         print_defines();
 
diff --git a/tcc.h b/tcc.h
index 06b80fe..05e3965 100644
--- a/tcc.h
+++ b/tcc.h
@@ -536,10 +536,10 @@ typedef struct BufferedFile {
     struct BufferedFile *prev;
     int line_num;    /* current line number - here to simplify code */
     int line_ref;    /* tcc -E: last printed line */
-    int inc_path_index;
     int ifndef_macro;  /* #ifndef macro / #endif search */
     int ifndef_macro_saved; /* saved ifndef_macro */
     int *ifdef_stack_ptr; /* ifdef_stack value at the start of the file */
+    int include_next_index; /* next search path */
     char filename[1024];    /* filename */
     unsigned char unget[4];
     unsigned char buffer[1]; /* extra size for CH_EOB char */
diff --git a/tccpp.c b/tccpp.c
index d2e0e93..57e1b2e 100644
--- a/tccpp.c
+++ b/tccpp.c
@@ -1578,13 +1578,14 @@ ST_FUNC void preprocess(int is_bof)
     case TOK_INCLUDE:
     case TOK_INCLUDE_NEXT:
         ch = file->buf_ptr[0];
-        skip_spaces(); /* XXX: incorrect if comments : use next_nomacro with a special mode */
-        c = 0;
-        if (ch == '<')
+        /* XXX: incorrect if comments : use next_nomacro with a special mode */
+        skip_spaces();
+        if (ch == '<') {
             c = '>';
-        if (ch == '\"')
+            goto read_name;
+        } else if (ch == '\"') {
             c = ch;
-        if (c) {
+        read_name:
             inp();
             q = buf;
             while (ch != c && ch != '\n' && ch != CH_EOF) {
@@ -1598,6 +1599,12 @@ ST_FUNC void preprocess(int is_bof)
             }
             *q = '\0';
             minp();
+#if 0
+            /* eat all spaces and comments after include */
+            /* XXX: slightly incorrect */
+            while (ch1 != '\n' && ch1 != CH_EOF)
+                inp();
+#endif
         } else {
             /* computed #include : either we have only strings or
                we have anything enclosed in '<>' */
@@ -1631,25 +1638,22 @@ ST_FUNC void preprocess(int is_bof)
 
         if (s1->include_stack_ptr >= s1->include_stack + INCLUDE_STACK_SIZE)
             tcc_error("#include recursion too deep");
-
-        i = -2;
-        if (tok == TOK_INCLUDE_NEXT)
-            i = file->inc_path_index + 1;
-
-        n = s1->nb_include_paths + s1->nb_sysinclude_paths;
+        /* store current file in stack, but increment stack later below */
+        *s1->include_stack_ptr = file;
+        i = tok == TOK_INCLUDE_NEXT ? file->include_next_index : 0;
+        n = 2 + s1->nb_include_paths + s1->nb_sysinclude_paths;
         for (; i < n; ++i) {
             char buf1[sizeof file->filename];
             CachedInclude *e;
             const char *path;
 
-            if (i == -2) {
+            if (i == 0) {
                 /* check absolute include path */
                 if (!IS_ABSPATH(buf))
                     continue;
                 buf1[0] = 0;
-                i = n - 1; /* force end loop */
 
-            } else if (i == -1) {
+            } else if (i == 1) {
                 /* search in current dir if "header.h" */
                 if (c != '\"')
                     continue;
@@ -1658,40 +1662,45 @@ ST_FUNC void preprocess(int is_bof)
 
             } else {
                 /* search in all the include paths */
-                if (i < s1->nb_include_paths)
-                    path = s1->include_paths[i];
-                else
-                    path = s1->sysinclude_paths[i - s1->nb_include_paths];
-                if (path == 0) continue;
+                int j = i - 2, k = j - s1->nb_include_paths;
+                path = k < 0 ? s1->include_paths[j] : s1->sysinclude_paths[k];
                 pstrcpy(buf1, sizeof(buf1), path);
                 pstrcat(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "/");
             }
 
             pstrcat(buf1, sizeof(buf1), buf);
             e = search_cached_include(s1, buf1);
-            if (e && (define_find(e->ifndef_macro) || e->ifndef_macro == TOK_once))
-                break; /* no need to parse the include */
+            if (e && (define_find(e->ifndef_macro) || e->ifndef_macro == TOK_once)) {
+                /* no need to parse the include because the 'ifndef macro'
+                   is defined */
+#ifdef INC_DEBUG
+                printf("%s: skipping cached %s\n", file->filename, buf1);
+#endif
+                goto include_done;
+            }
 
             if (tcc_open(s1, buf1) < 0)
                 continue;
 
-            file->inc_path_index = i;
-            *(s1->include_stack_ptr++) = file->prev;
-
+            file->include_next_index = i + 1;
+#ifdef INC_DEBUG
+            printf("%s: including %s\n", file->prev->filename, file->filename);
+#endif
             /* update target deps */
             dynarray_add((void ***)&s1->target_deps, &s1->nb_target_deps,
-                tcc_strdup(buf1));
-
+                    tcc_strdup(buf1));
+            /* push current file in stack */
+            ++s1->include_stack_ptr;
             /* add include file debug info */
             if (s1->do_debug)
                 put_stabs(file->filename, N_BINCL, 0, 0, 0);
-
             tok_flags |= TOK_FLAG_BOF | TOK_FLAG_BOL;
             ch = file->buf_ptr[0];
-            break;
+            goto the_end;
         }
-        if (i >= n) tcc_error("include file '%s' not found", buf);
-        goto the_end;
+        tcc_error("include file '%s' not found", buf);
+include_done:
+        break;
     case TOK_IFNDEF:
         c = 1;
         goto do_ifdef;
@@ -1706,9 +1715,9 @@ ST_FUNC void preprocess(int is_bof)
             tcc_error("invalid argument for '#if%sdef'", c ? "n" : "");
         if (is_bof) {
             if (c) {
-                #ifdef INC_DEBUG
-                    printf("#ifndef %s\n", get_tok_str(tok, NULL));
-                #endif
+#ifdef INC_DEBUG
+                printf("#ifndef %s\n", get_tok_str(tok, NULL));
+#endif
                 file->ifndef_macro = tok;
             }
         }
@@ -2538,8 +2547,10 @@ maybe_newline:
             cstr_reset(&tokcstr);
             cstr_ccat(&tokcstr, '.');
             goto parse_num;
-        } else if ((c == '.') && (p[1] == '.')){
+        } else if (c == '.') {
             PEEKC(c, p);
+            if (c != '.')
+		expect("'.'");
             PEEKC(c, p);
             tok = TOK_DOTS;
         } else {